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A Beardless Boy of Seventeen Years

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Even before Aristophanes wrote of Lysistrata’s plan to end the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE) by convincing the women...

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A Ninety Day War?

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The small United States Army could be enlarged quickly only by appealing to the states to activate local militia troops...

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Camp Greble: A Union encampment near Norfolk, Virginia

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This poignant, detailed plan was drafted in February 1862 by Private Frank Maynicke of the 99th New York State...

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Confederate Imprints

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Before secession, most of the established publishers of booking, broadsides, and sheet music were located in such large...

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Confederate Love Poems

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The most prominent Civil War poetry is poetry of the battlefield.

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Freedmen's Schools

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In the antebellum South, African Americans were generally prevented from receiving education. After Appomattox...

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How Did Civilians Suffer?

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White women and children were left to fend for themselves, and many became widows and orphans when one in five...

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How Did Enslaved People Support the Confederacy?

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Enslaved and free black people provided even more labor than usual for Virginia farms when 89 percent of eligible white...

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James Jones Archive (1870s-1960s)

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With a coat of faded red paint and a crude hand-forged hasp to secure its lid, the simple pine chest – once used to...

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Liberated Books

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During the Civil War, looting by soldiers was a common practice. The hungry soldier usually confiscated food and...

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Love and War

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Though it has torn many asunder, war has also brought people together.

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Men of Color To Arms?

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When the war began, many black Americans—North and South—volunteered to serve as soldiers. United by a belief in black...

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Murals Inspired by the Story of Virginia

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Richmond is now home to more than 100 outdoor murals, and this popular form of artwork reflects the city’s modernity and...

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Offense or Defense?

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To win the war, United States troops needed to invade and control an unfriendly South and subdue Confederate armies.

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Opiate Addiction in the Civil War's Aftermath

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In the Civil War’s wake, thousands of veterans became addicted to morphine and opium, medicines used to treat painful...

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Richmond in the Midst of the Civil War

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As the Confederate capital, Richmond experienced waves of change that saw the city lurch from the untidy influx of...

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Robert E. Lee after the War

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After the Civil War, Robert E. Lee left his life in the military and accepted the position of president of Washington...

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Robert Edward Lee

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Robert Edward Lee (1807–1870) was born at Stratford in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1807, the son of Revolutionary...

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Robert Knox Sneden's Dispatch Case

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Learn about the dispatch case of Civil War artist and mapmaker Robert Knox Sneden that was acquired in 2017 by the...

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Speed or Strength?

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Early in 1862, Confederate general Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson decided to “move swiftly and strike vigorously” against...